{"id":11964,"date":"2026-05-28T09:06:42","date_gmt":"2026-05-28T07:06:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/neurohirurgija.in.rs\/?page_id=11964"},"modified":"2026-07-11T23:07:27","modified_gmt":"2026-07-11T21:07:27","slug":"convexity-meningioma","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/neurohirurgija.in.rs\/en\/convexity-meningioma\/","title":{"rendered":"Convexity Meningioma \u2014 Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"line-height:1.35; margin:0 0 18px 0;\">\n  <div>\n    <span style=\"font-weight:600;\">Author:<\/span>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/neurohirurgija.in.rs\/en\/cv-en\/\" \n       style=\"color:#004a80; font-weight:600; text-decoration:none;\"\n       onmouseover=\"this.style.textDecoration='underline';\"\n       onmouseout=\"this.style.textDecoration='none';\">\n       Dr. Zeljko Kojadinovic, MD, PhD\n    <\/a>\n    \u2014 Consultant Neurosurgeon\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div>\n    <span style=\"font-weight:600;\">Specialized Experience:<\/span>\n    30 years of clinical expertise in neurosurgery.\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div>\n    <span style=\"font-weight:600;\">Last medically reviewed:<\/span>\n    March 08, 2026\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"background:#fff7cc; border:1px solid #ffe08a; padding:12px; border-radius:8px; margin:16px 0;\">\n  <div style=\"font-weight:700; color:#5a4b00; font-size:16px; margin-bottom:6px;\">\n    <h3 id=\"who-this-convexity-meningioma-page-is-for\">Who This Convexity Meningioma Page Is For<\/h3>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <p style=\"margin:0; color:#3b2f00; line-height:1.5;\">\n    This page is intended for patients in whom MRI or CT has revealed a <strong>convexity meningioma<\/strong>, a tumor arising from the meninges on the outer surface of the brain beneath the skull.\n  <\/p>\n\n  <p style=\"margin:10px 0 0; color:#3b2f00; line-height:1.5;\">\n    If surgery, stereotactic radiosurgery (such as Gamma Knife), radiotherapy, or long-term MRI monitoring has been proposed \u2014 or if specialists have offered different recommendations regarding the urgency or type of treatment \u2014 an individualized \n    <a href=\"https:\/\/neurohirurgija.in.rs\/en\/second-opinion-in-neurosurgery-trusted-insight\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:#005c99; text-decoration:underline;\">\n      neurosurgical second opinion\n    <\/a>\n    may help clarify the expected biological behavior of a convexity meningioma, the potential risk of seizures or neurological deterioration, the likelihood of tumor recurrence, and the safest balance between observation, surgery, and radiation therapy based on tumor size, cortical location, growth rate, surrounding brain edema, and overall neurological status.\n  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"border: 1px solid #d6d6d6; border-radius: 12px; padding: 16px; margin: 18px 0 10px; background: #f7f7f7;\">\n  \n  <div style=\"font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 12px;\">\n    When patients seek a second opinion for convexity meningioma\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div style=\"font-size: 0.98em; line-height: 1.55;\">\n    <div style=\"margin-bottom: 6px;\">\n      \u2022 MRI or CT shows a convexity meningioma and the best treatment strategy is unclear\n    <\/div>\n    <div style=\"margin-bottom: 6px;\">\n      \u2022 The tumor was discovered incidentally and opinions differ between MRI monitoring and surgery\n    <\/div>\n    <div style=\"margin-bottom: 6px;\">\n      \u2022 Seizures, headaches, or weakness suggest cortical brain compression\n    <\/div>\n    <div style=\"margin-bottom: 6px;\">\n      \u2022 Surgery is recommended but risks, extent of removal, or prognosis are uncertain\n    <\/div>\n    <div style=\"margin-bottom: 6px;\">\n      \u2022 Radiosurgery or radiotherapy is proposed but the role of surgery remains unclear\n    <\/div>\n    <div>\n      \u2022 Specialists recommend different strategies without clear agreement\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div style=\"margin-top: 12px; font-size: 0.98em; line-height: 1.45;\">\n    If your situation involves uncertainty regarding diagnosis, urgency, or treatment strategy, you may request an individualized neurosurgical review here:\n    <a href=\"#telehealth\" style=\"font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline;\">\n      Request Second Opinion\n    <\/a>\n  <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"background:#f4faff; border:1px solid #cce5ff; padding:14px 16px; border-radius:12px; margin:18px 0; box-shadow:0 10px 22px rgba(0,60,120,0.06);\"> \n  <h3 id=\"convexity-meningioma-quick-summary\" style=\"margin:0 0 10px 0; color:#003a66; font-size:18px;\">\n    Convexity Meningioma \u2014 Quick Summary (Read This First)\n  <\/h3>\n\n  <ul style=\"margin:0; padding-left:18px; color:#0f172a; line-height:1.55;\">\n\n    <li><strong>Convexity meningioma is a tumor arising from the meninges on the outer surface of the brain beneath the skull.<\/strong> \n    These membranes surround and protect the brain and spinal cord.<\/li>\n\n    <li><strong>Most convexity meningiomas grow outside the brain tissue.<\/strong> \n    They compress the cerebral cortex and surrounding brain structures without directly invading brain tissue.<\/li>\n\n    <li><strong>Convexity meningiomas account for approximately 20\u201325% of intracranial meningiomas.<\/strong> \n    They represent one of the most common meningioma locations.<\/li>\n\n    <li><strong>Many convexity meningiomas grow slowly and may remain stable for years.<\/strong> \n    A substantial proportion of tumors discovered incidentally on MRI do not require immediate treatment.<\/li>\n\n    <li><strong>Symptoms depend mainly on the cortical brain region affected.<\/strong> \n    Seizures, headaches, progressive weakness, numbness on the opposite side of the body, or behavioral changes may occur when the tumor compresses nearby brain structures.<\/li>\n\n    <li><strong>MRI with contrast is the most important diagnostic test.<\/strong> \n    It shows tumor size, location on the brain surface, surrounding brain edema (swelling), and the relationship to nearby cortical vessels and brain tissue.<\/li>\n\n    <li><strong>Not all convexity meningiomas require immediate surgery.<\/strong> \n    Many small asymptomatic tumors are initially managed with MRI monitoring. Approximately 60\u201380% of incidentally discovered meningiomas do not require immediate surgery and can be safely observed.<\/li>\n\n    <li><strong>Surgery is the main treatment for symptomatic or growing convexity meningiomas.<\/strong> \n    Because these tumors lie on the brain surface, complete removal is often achievable.<\/li>\n\n    <li><strong>Radiation therapy or stereotactic radiosurgery may be used in selected cases to control tumor growth.<\/strong> \n    It is commonly used for residual or recurrent tumor after surgery, for small tumors that show growth but are difficult to remove surgically, for multiple meningiomas, or when patients prefer radiation instead of surgery.<\/li>\n\n    <li><strong>Treatment decisions depend mainly on tumor size, cortical location, growth rate, symptoms, and surrounding brain edema.<\/strong> \n    The safest strategy is usually individualized.<\/li>\n\n    <li><strong>Prognosis of convexity meningioma is often favorable when complete removal is possible.<\/strong> \n    Recurrence risk depends mainly on tumor grade and the extent of surgical removal.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Most convexity meningiomas are benign WHO Grade I tumors.<\/strong> \nApproximately 80\u201385% of meningiomas belong to Grade I, while about 10\u201315% are atypical (WHO Grade II) and roughly 1\u20133% are malignant (WHO Grade III). Recurrence is more frequent in Grade II and Grade III tumors, and these patients more often require additional treatment such as postoperative radiotherapy and closer long-term MRI follow-up.<\/li>\n\n    <li><strong>Although many convexity meningiomas are benign, large tumors can still cause serious neurological problems due to mass effect on the brain.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n  <\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<p style=\"margin:8px 0 0 0; color:#334155; font-size:14px; line-height:1.5;\">\n  Most readers benefit from reviewing this Quick Summary together with the sections on <strong>Symptoms of Convexity Meningioma<\/strong>, <strong>Diagnosis<\/strong>, <strong>Surgical Treatment<\/strong>, <strong>Radiation Therapy<\/strong>, and <strong>Treatment Decision-Making<\/strong>. Later sections provide more detailed explanations intended for patients seeking a deeper understanding before important treatment decisions are made.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>\n\/* ===== Convexity Meningioma TOC (Blue Accordion) ===== *\/\n.ptns-toc-simple {\n  max-width: 420px;\n  margin: 0 0 22px 0;\n  font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, \"Segoe UI\", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;\n}\n.ptns-toc-simple .card {\n  background: #f4faff;\n  border: 1px solid #cce5ff;\n  border-radius: 12px;\n  padding: 14px;\n  box-shadow: 0 10px 22px rgba(0,60,120,0.06);\n}\n.ptns-toc-simple summary {\n  list-style: none;\n  cursor: pointer;\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  justify-content: space-between;\n}\n.ptns-toc-simple summary::-webkit-details-marker { display:none; }\n\n.ptns-toc-simple .title {\n  font-weight: 800;\n  font-size: 22px;\n  color: #003a66;\n  margin: 0;\n}\n\n.ptns-toc-simple summary::after {\n  content: \"\u25b8 Show\";\n  font-weight: 700;\n  color: #005c99;\n  border: 1px solid #cce5ff;\n  padding: 6px 10px;\n  border-radius: 6px;\n  font-size: 13px;\n}\n\n.ptns-toc-simple details[open] summary::after {\n  content: \"\u25be Hide\";\n}\n\n.ptns-toc-simple ul {\n  margin: 12px 0 0 0;\n  padding: 0;\n  list-style: none;\n}\n\n.ptns-toc-simple li {\n  position: relative;\n  padding-left: 26px;\n  margin: 10px 0;\n  font-size: 15px;\n}\n\n.ptns-toc-simple li::before {\n  content: \"\";\n  width: 7px;\n  height: 7px;\n  border-radius: 50%;\n  background: #005c99;\n  position: absolute;\n  left: 8px;\n  top: 8px;\n}\n\n.ptns-toc-simple .sub-item {\n  padding-left: 42px;\n}\n.ptns-toc-simple .sub-item::before {\n  left: 24px;\n}\n\n.ptns-toc-simple a {\n  color: #005c99;\n  text-decoration: none;\n  font-weight: 700;\n}\n.ptns-toc-simple a:hover {\n  text-decoration: underline;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"ptns-toc-simple\" aria-label=\"Table of contents\">\n  <div class=\"card\">\n    <details>\n      <summary>\n        <h3 id=\"contents\" class=\"title\">Contents<\/h3>\n      <\/summary>\n\n      <ul>\n        <li><a href=\"#who-this-convexity-meningioma-page-is-for\">Who This Page<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#convexity-meningioma-quick-summary\">Quick Summary<\/a><\/li>\n\n        <li style=\"margin-top:14px;\"><a href=\"#definition\">Definition<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#grade-classification\">Tumor Classification<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#causes\">Tumor Causes<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#location\">Tumor Location<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#meningiomatosis\">Multiple Tumors<\/a><\/li>\n\n        <li style=\"margin-top:14px;\"><a href=\"#how-affect-brain\">How They Affect<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#symptoms\">Symptoms<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#diagnosis-and-mri\">MRI Diagnosis<\/a><\/li>\n\n        <li style=\"margin-top:14px;\"><a href=\"#only-observation\">When Monitored<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#symptomatic-treatment\">Symptom Relief<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#epilepsy\">Epilepsy<\/a><\/li>\n\n        <li style=\"margin-top:14px;\"><a href=\"#surgical-treatment\">Surgical Treatment<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#moderns-surgical-strategies\">Modern Technologies<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#extent-of-surgical-removal\">Extent of Removal<\/a><\/li>\n\n        <li style=\"margin-top:14px;\"><a href=\"#radiation-therapy\">Radiation Therapy<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#recurrence\">Tumor Recurrence<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#treatments-by-grades\">Treatment by Grade<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#long-term-monitoring-of-convexity-meningioma\">Long-Term Monitoring<\/a><\/li>\n\n        <li style=\"margin-top:14px;\"><a href=\"#treatment-decision-summary-convexity-meningioma\">Treatment Summary<\/a><\/li>\n        \n\n        <li style=\"margin-top:14px;\"><a href=\"#experimental-therapies\">Experimental Therapies<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#when-opinions-differ\">Why Opinions Differ<\/a><\/li>\n       \n        <li style=\"margin-top:14px;\"><a href=\"#prognosis\">Overall Prognosis<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#telehealth\">Request Second Opinion<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#can-be-lif-ethreatening\">Life-Threatening Risk<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#faq-convexity-meningioma\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n\n    <\/details>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<style>\nh2, h3 { scroll-margin-top:110px; }\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"definition\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What Is a Convexity Meningioma<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A convexity meningioma is a tumor that arises from the dura mater covering the outer surface of the brain, known as the cerebral convexity. These tumors develop outside the brain tissue and typically grow toward the brain, compressing the underlying cerebral cortex.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most meningiomas arise from specialized cells located within the <strong>arachnoid layer<\/strong>, often referred to as <strong>arachnoid cap cells<\/strong>. When genetic changes occur in these cells, they may begin to multiply abnormally and gradually form a tumor. Unlike tumors that originate inside the brain tissue, <strong>convexity meningiomas grow outside the brain<\/strong>, attached to the dura along the outer brain surface beneath the skull. As the tumor enlarges, it usually <strong>compresses the surrounding brain tissue<\/strong> without direct brain invasion. Because of this growth pattern, most convexity meningiomas remain <strong>well-defined masses<\/strong> that can usually be <strong>surgically separated from the brain<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Epidemiological studies show that meningiomas represent approximately <strong>35\u201341% of all primary intracranial tumors in adults<\/strong>, making them the <strong>most common primary brain tumor<\/strong>. Convexity meningiomas account for approximately <strong>20\u201325% of intracranial meningiomas<\/strong>. Small incidental meningiomas may be present in approximately <strong>0.5\u20131% of the general population<\/strong>, based on autopsy and imaging studies. Most of them <strong>never cause symptoms or require treatment<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/neurohirurgija.in.rs\/en\/meningiomas\/\">Meningiomas<\/a> are also rare in children, representing <strong>less than 2% of all pediatric brain tumors<\/strong>. When they occur in younger patients, they are more frequently associated with genetic syndromes such as <strong>neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/neurohirurgija.in.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/meningeoma-293x300.jpg\" alt=\"A convexity meningioma growing from the coverings of the brain (meninges, dura mater) and compressing surrounding parts of the brain, without infiltrating them.\" style=\"aspect-ratio:0.9766954277880816;width:435px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Image: A convexity meningioma growing from the coverings of the brain (meninges, dura mater) and compressing surrounding parts of the brain, without infiltrating them.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can read more about other brain tumors on our <a href=\"https:\/\/neurohirurgija.in.rs\/en\/brain-tumors\/\">Brain Tumors<\/a> page.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"grade-classification\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Biological Classification of Convexity Meningioma<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The biological behavior of <strong>convexity meningiomas<\/strong> is determined through <strong>histopathological analysis<\/strong> using the <strong>World Health Organization (WHO) classification<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three main categories are recognized:<br>\u2022 <strong>WHO grade I \u2014 benign meningioma.<\/strong> This is the most common form, representing roughly 80\u201385% of meningiomas. These tumors typically grow slowly and often remain stable for long periods. When completely removed surgically, the chance of recurrence is relatively low.<br>\u2022 <strong>WHO grade II \u2014 atypical meningioma.<\/strong> Atypical meningiomas account for approximately 10\u201315% of cases in surgical series of meningiomas. These tumors show increased cellular activity and a higher likelihood of recurrence after surgery. After complete tumor removal, some patients may be managed with MRI follow-up rather than immediate radiation therapy.<br>\u2022 <strong>WHO grade III \u2014 malignant (anaplastic) meningioma.<\/strong> These tumors are rare, representing roughly 1\u20133% of cases in surgical series of meningiomas. They grow more aggressively, recur more frequently, and usually require combined treatment with surgery and radiation therapy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although histological grade is important, clinical outcome also depends strongly on the <strong>exact cortical location of the tumor<\/strong> and the <strong>possibility of complete surgical removal<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"causes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Genetic and Biological Causes of Convexity Meningioma<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most convexity meningiomas arise from <strong>sporadic genetic mutations<\/strong> that occur during life rather than inherited genetic disorders. At the molecular level, tumor development usually results from two main biological mechanisms:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>inactivation of tumor suppressor genes<\/strong>, which normally prevent uncontrolled cell growth<br>\u2022 <strong>activation of oncogenic signaling pathways<\/strong>, which stimulate cell proliferation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most frequently involved gene is <strong>NF2<\/strong>, located on <strong>chromosome 22<\/strong>. Loss of function of this gene disrupts normal cell growth control and allows tumor formation. Other molecular alterations identified in meningiomas include mutations involving genes such as <strong>TRAF7, AKT1, SMO, and KLF4<\/strong>, while additional less common alterations may involve genes such as <strong>PIK3CA<\/strong> or <strong>TERT<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These molecular differences partly explain why tumors in different anatomical regions may behave differently.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The only clearly established environmental risk factor is <strong>exposure to ionizing radiation<\/strong>, particularly during childhood.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Meningiomas occur approximately <strong>two to three times more frequently in women than in men<\/strong>, suggesting that hormonal influences may play a role in tumor development and growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although most meningiomas arise sporadically, a small proportion occur in the context of inherited genetic syndromes. The best known example is <strong>neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2)<\/strong>, a hereditary condition caused by mutations of the <strong>NF2 gene on chromosome 22<\/strong>. Patients with NF2 frequently develop <strong>multiple meningiomas<\/strong>, a condition referred to as <strong>meningiomatosis<\/strong>, in which several tumors arise in different intracranial and spinal locations. Multiple meningiomas may also appear sporadically without a hereditary syndrome, but they are particularly characteristic of NF2. In addition, meningiomas may occur in association with other rare genetic disorders such as <strong>schwannomatosis<\/strong> or <strong>Cowden syndrome<\/strong>, although these situations are much less common. Overall, hereditary syndromes account for only a <strong>small minority of meningioma cases<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"location\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Location of Convexity Meningiomas<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Convexity meningiomas arise on the <strong>outer surface of the brain beneath the skull<\/strong>. They develop from the <strong>dura covering the cerebral convexity<\/strong> rather than from deep skull base structures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They account for approximately <strong>20\u201325% of intracranial meningiomas<\/strong>, making them one of the <strong>most common meningioma locations<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The exact cortical region involved is extremely important because it determines both the <strong>symptoms<\/strong> and the <strong>complexity of surgical treatment<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Convexity meningiomas may arise over different <a href=\"https:\/\/neurohirurgija.in.rs\/en\/brain-anatomy-simply-explained\/\">functional parts of the cerebral hemispheres.<\/a>  Tumors over the frontal convexity may cause headaches, behavioral change, or weakness, whereas tumors over the parietal convexity may produce sensory symptoms, spatial difficulties, or seizures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"meningiomatosis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Multiple Convexity Meningiomas (Meningiomatosis)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most patients develop a <strong>single meningioma<\/strong>, but approximately <strong>5\u201310% of patients<\/strong> present with <strong>multiple tumors<\/strong>. This condition is referred to as <strong>multiple meningiomas<\/strong> or <strong>meningiomatosis<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Multiple meningiomas may occur sporadically, but they are particularly associated with <strong>neurofibromatosis type 2<\/strong>, in which patients may develop numerous tumors along the meninges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Management of multiple meningiomas is <strong>individualized<\/strong>. In many cases only the <strong>symptomatic or growing tumors<\/strong> are treated, while the remaining lesions are <strong>monitored with periodic imaging<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"how-affect-brain\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How Convexity Meningiomas Grow and Affect the Brain<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Convexity meningiomas usually <strong>grow slowly over many years<\/strong>. Because they arise outside the brain tissue, they primarily damage the brain through <strong>compression rather than invasion<\/strong>. As the tumor enlarges, it gradually presses on adjacent <strong>cortical brain structures<\/strong>. This pressure interferes with normal neuronal activity and may lead to <strong>neurological deficits<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another important mechanism is <strong>peritumoral brain edema<\/strong>, a form of <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/neurohirurgija.in.rs\/en\/brain-edema-explained\/\">swelling <\/a>in the surrounding brain tissue<\/strong> caused by leakage of fluid from nearby blood vessels. This swelling increases <strong>intracranial pressure<\/strong> and often worsens symptoms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Together with the tumor itself, this edema can produce a <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/neurohirurgija.in.rs\/en\/mass-effect-midline-shift-brain-herniation-explained\/\">mass effect<\/a><\/strong>, meaning that the expanding lesion compresses and displaces normal brain structures. Because the skull is a <strong>rigid, closed cavity<\/strong> with very limited space for expansion, increasing pressure may force parts of the brain to shift from their normal position. In severe cases, brain tissue can be pushed through natural openings within the skull, a condition known as <strong>brain herniation<\/strong>. Herniation represents a dangerous stage of mass effect in which displaced brain structures may compress <strong>vital centers in the brainstem<\/strong> responsible for <strong>consciousness, breathing, and circulation<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Large tumors may also compress nearby <strong>arteries or veins<\/strong>, disrupting normal blood circulation in the brain. In some cases, very large lesions with marked edema may contribute to<a href=\"https:\/\/neurohirurgija.in.rs\/en\/intracranial-pressure-icp-explained\/\"> <strong>increased intracranial pressure<\/strong> <\/a>and <strong>secondary neurological deterioration<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Even though most convexity meningiomas do not invade brain tissue, prolonged compression may still cause <strong>permanent neurological damage<\/strong> if the tumor becomes very large.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Studies following patients with untreated meningiomas have shown that a substantial proportion of tumors remain stable for long periods. Approximately <strong>30\u201335% of meningiomas<\/strong> show <strong>no measurable growth<\/strong> during long-term imaging follow-up. Among tumors that do grow, the increase in size is usually <strong>slow and gradual<\/strong>, often measured in <strong>millimeters per year<\/strong> rather than rapid expansion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"symptoms\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Symptoms of Convexity Meningioma<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The symptoms caused by convexity meningiomas depend largely on their <strong>exact anatomical location<\/strong>, <strong>tumor size<\/strong>, <strong>surrounding edema<\/strong>, and the <strong>cortical region involved<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Convexity meningiomas often produce <strong>seizures<\/strong> because they irritate the <strong>surface of the brain<\/strong>. Patients may also develop <strong>progressive weakness or numbness<\/strong> affecting the <strong>arm and\/or leg on the opposite side of the body<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tumors located over the <strong>motor cortex<\/strong> may produce <strong>progressive weakness, clumsiness, or loss of fine motor control<\/strong> on the opposite side of the body. Tumors over the <strong>sensory cortex<\/strong> may cause <strong>numbness, altered sensation, or sensory neglect<\/strong>. <strong>Frontal convexity tumors<\/strong> may lead to <strong>headaches, slowed thinking, reduced concentration, personality changes, or behavioral changes<\/strong> when significant edema affects the frontal lobes. <strong>Parietal convexity tumors<\/strong> may produce <strong>sensory symptoms, difficulties with spatial orientation, or focal <a href=\"https:\/\/neurohirurgija.in.rs\/en\/epilepsy-surgery-when-it-is-the-right-option\/\">seizures<\/a><\/strong> depending on the dominant or nondominant hemisphere involved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Headache<\/strong> is common, particularly in larger tumors associated with <strong>significant edema<\/strong> or <strong>raised intracranial pressure<\/strong>. <a href=\"https:\/\/neurohirurgija.in.rs\/en\/headache-when-to-worry\/\">Headache <\/a>in patients with small meningiomas does not necessarily mean that the tumor is the cause. Many patients have common primary headache disorders such as <strong>tension-type headache, migraine, or cervicogenic headache<\/strong>, which are frequent in the general population and may occur independently of the tumor. For this reason, the type of headache should be carefully evaluated and defined before attributing the symptoms to the meningioma, and the presence of headache alone is usually <strong>not a sufficient reason to recommend immediate surgical removal of a small, otherwise asymptomatic tumor<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some patients remain <strong>entirely asymptomatic<\/strong>, especially when the tumor is discovered <strong>incidentally on MRI or CT<\/strong> performed for unrelated reasons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/neurohirurgija.in.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/mozak2.png\" alt=\"Functional centers in the brain cortex\" style=\"aspect-ratio:0.9928471899674872;width:476px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Image: Functional centers in the brain cortex<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"diagnosis-and-mri\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Diagnosis of Convexity Meningioma<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most important diagnostic test is <strong>MRI of the brain with contrast<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During this examination, the patient lies inside the <strong>MRI scanner<\/strong> while magnetic fields generate <strong>highly detailed images of the brain<\/strong>. A <strong>contrast agent<\/strong> injected through a vein highlights tumor tissue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">MRI allows physicians to determine:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>tumor size<\/strong><br>\u2022 <strong>precise location<\/strong><br>\u2022 <strong>relationship to the brain surface and nearby vessels<\/strong><br>\u2022 <strong>presence of surrounding brain edema<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Convexity meningiomas typically appear as <strong>well-defined tumors<\/strong> located outside the brain tissue, attached to the <strong>dura along the cerebral convexity<\/strong>, often accompanied by a characteristic imaging feature known as the <strong>dural tail<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The final diagnosis is confirmed through <strong>histopathological analysis<\/strong> after surgery or biopsy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/neurohirurgija.in.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/meningeoma2MRI.jpg\" alt=\"Brain MRI showing a bright convexity meningioma (image after applying contrast)\u00a0in the right parietal region, causing a significant mass effect (compression) on the brain due to its size and surrounding brain edema. In the inferior extension of the tumor, there is a bright dural thickening called the \u2018dural tail sign\u2019.\" style=\"width:678px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Image: Brain MRI showing a bright convexity meningioma (image after applying contrast<\/strong>)<strong>&nbsp;in the right parietal region, causing a significant mass effect (compression) on the brain due to its size and surrounding brain edema. In the inferior extension of the tumor, there is a bright dural thickening called the \u2018dural tail sign\u2019.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, several other conditions may produce similar MRI findings and must be considered in the <strong>differential diagnosis<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>dural metastases<\/strong>, which may mimic meningiomas when metastatic cancer spreads to the meninges<br>\u2022 <strong>hemangiopericytoma (solitary fibrous tumor)<\/strong>, a rare dural tumor that can appear very similar radiologically but behaves more aggressively<br>\u2022 <strong>lymphoma involving the dura<\/strong><br>\u2022 other <strong>dural-based lesions<\/strong> that may resemble convexity meningioma on imaging<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because imaging findings may overlap, the final diagnosis is often confirmed by <strong>histopathological examination<\/strong> of the tumor after surgical removal or biopsy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although MRI is the main imaging method used to diagnose convexity meningiomas, other techniques may occasionally provide additional information. <strong>CT scans<\/strong> are particularly useful for evaluating changes in the skull bone, such as <strong>hyperostosis<\/strong> or <strong>calcification within the tumor<\/strong>. In selected cases, vascular imaging such as <strong>CT angiography<\/strong> or <strong>MR angiography<\/strong> may also be performed to assess the relationship of the tumor to <strong>major cortical veins or arteries<\/strong> when surgical planning requires more detailed evaluation. <strong>Conventional catheter angiography (DSA)<\/strong> is now rarely required and is mainly performed when <strong>preoperative tumor embolization<\/strong> is being considered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"only-observation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Monitoring Without Treatment: When Convexity Meningiomas Are Only Observed<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Not all <strong>convexity meningiomas<\/strong> require <strong>immediate treatment<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Approximately <strong>30\u201350% of newly diagnosed meningiomas<\/strong> are initially managed with <strong>active surveillance rather than immediate surgery<\/strong>. Among incidentally discovered tumors, however, observation without surgery is chosen in the <strong>majority of patients<\/strong>, often around <strong>60\u201380%<\/strong>, particularly when the tumor is <strong>small and not causing symptoms<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Monitoring is usually recommended when:<br>\u2022 the tumor causes <strong>no neurological symptoms<\/strong>, especially if it is <strong>small<\/strong><br>\u2022 imaging shows <strong>little or no growth<\/strong> over time<br>\u2022 the tumor is <strong>not compressing important cortical brain structures<\/strong><br>\u2022 there is <strong>little or no surrounding brain edema<\/strong><br>\u2022 the patient is <strong>elderly<\/strong> or has <strong>serious medical conditions<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On imaging studies, meningiomas that are <strong>partially or extensively calcified<\/strong> often represent tumors with <strong>long-standing slow growth<\/strong>, and this finding may further support a decision for <strong>observation rather than immediate surgery<\/strong>. Follow-up generally involves <strong>MRI examinations every 6\u201312 months initially<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"symptomatic-treatment\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Symptomatic Treatment for Convexity Meningioma<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Medications are often used to <strong>control complications caused by the tumor<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Brain swelling <a href=\"https:\/\/neurohirurgija.in.rs\/en\/brain-edema-explained\/\">(edema<\/a>)<\/strong> is commonly treated with <strong>corticosteroids<\/strong>, most often <strong>dexamethasone<\/strong>, which reduces edema in the surrounding brain tissue.<br>\u2022 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/neurohirurgija.in.rs\/en\/seizures-after-brain-injury\/\">Seizures<\/a><\/strong> are treated with <strong>antiepileptic medications<\/strong>, such as <strong>levetiracetam<\/strong> or other modern antiseizure drugs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These medications <strong>stabilize the patient<\/strong> but do not <strong>eliminate the tumor itself<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"epilepsy\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Convexity Meningioma and Epilepsy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seizures may sometimes be the <strong>first symptom<\/strong> of a convexity meningioma, particularly when the tumor is located near the <strong>cerebral cortex<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, it is important to understand that <strong>not every seizure<\/strong> in a patient with a convexity meningioma is necessarily caused by the tumor. <strong>Epilepsy is relatively common in the general population<\/strong>, and the coexistence of a <strong>small incidental meningioma<\/strong> does not automatically mean that the tumor is responsible for the seizures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For this reason, physicians must carefully evaluate whether the tumor is actually the <strong>source of epileptic activity<\/strong>. This assessment usually includes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 analysis of <strong>tumor location relative to the cerebral cortex<\/strong><br>\u2022 evaluation of <strong>peritumoral brain edema<\/strong><br>\u2022 correlation between <strong>EEG findings<\/strong> and the tumor region<br>\u2022 consideration of <strong>other possible causes of epilepsy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When seizures are clearly related to the tumor, <a href=\"https:\/\/neurohirurgija.in.rs\/en\/epilepsy-surgery-when-it-is-the-right-option\/#lesionectomy\"><strong>surgical removal<\/strong> <\/a>of the convexity meningioma often significantly <strong>reduces seizure frequency<\/strong>, and in some patients seizures may <strong>stop completely<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Antiepileptic medications<\/strong> are usually used to control seizures <strong>before and for some period after surgery<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"surgical-treatment\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Surgical Treatment of Convexity Meningioma<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Surgery remains the <strong>primary treatment<\/strong> for <strong>symptomatic or progressively growing convexity meningiomas<\/strong>. The procedure is performed through a <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/neurohirurgija.in.rs\/en\/craniotomy-explained\/\">craniotomy<\/a><\/strong>, which involves temporarily removing a portion of the skull to access the tumor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In most cases the operation proceeds through several stages:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Skin incision and craniotomy<\/strong><br>The scalp is opened using a <strong>carefully planned incision<\/strong>. Depending on the location of the tumor, the incision may be <strong>linear, curved, or horseshoe-shaped<\/strong>. Whenever possible, it is placed within the <strong>hairline for cosmetic reasons<\/strong>. In most modern neurosurgical procedures the hair does <strong>not need to be completely shaved<\/strong>. A <strong>small bone flap<\/strong> is then created to expose the <strong>dura mater covering the tumor<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Opening of the dura<\/strong><br>The dura mater is carefully opened to expose the tumor and the surrounding brain structures. The dura is <strong>circumferentially incised around the tumor attachment<\/strong>, which helps <strong>interrupt a major portion of the arterial blood supply entering the tumor<\/strong> and <strong>reduce intraoperative bleeding<\/strong> during subsequent tumor removal. Smaller feeding vessels may also arise from <strong>cortical (brain) arteries at the tumor\u2013brain interface<\/strong>, which must be <strong>carefully preserved<\/strong> to avoid injury to the surrounding brain tissue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Internal tumor debulking<\/strong><br>The tumor is then reduced from the inside, most often using an <strong>ultrasonic aspirator (CUSA)<\/strong>. This internal debulking decreases <strong>tumor volume and pressure<\/strong>, making subsequent dissection from the surrounding brain, <strong>cortical vessels<\/strong>, and adjacent tissues safer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Microsurgical dissection<\/strong><br>The tumor is gradually separated from the <strong>surrounding brain tissue<\/strong> and <strong>cortical vessels<\/strong> under high magnification using the <strong>neurosurgical microscope<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Tumor removal<\/strong><br>After internal decompression of the tumor, the remaining <strong>peripheral tumor remnants are carefully separated from the surrounding brain tissue and cortical vessels and then removed piece by piece.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Treatment of the dural attachment<\/strong><br>Because convexity meningiomas arise from the <strong>dura<\/strong>, the involved portion of the dura is <strong>removed together with the tumor<\/strong> to reduce the <strong>risk of recurrence<\/strong>. When complete removal is not safe, the <strong>dural base may be coagulated<\/strong>. If a segment of dura is removed, the defect is typically reconstructed using a <strong>dural graft<\/strong> to restore a <strong>watertight barrier around the brain<\/strong>. This graft may be created from the patient\u2019s own tissue, such as <strong>periosteum<\/strong> elevated from the skull during the operation or <strong>muscle fascia<\/strong>. The dura can also be replaced by <strong>biocompatible artificial dural substitutes<\/strong> specifically designed for neurosurgical reconstruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Removal of infiltrated bone (when present)<\/strong><br>Some convexity meningiomas cause <strong>thickening or infiltration of the adjacent skull bone (hyperostosis)<\/strong>. In such cases the abnormal bone may be drilled away, and occasionally a <strong>larger bone segment<\/strong> must be removed and at the same surgery or later reconstructed with a <strong>cranioplasty<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Dural reconstruction and closure<\/strong><br>After tumor removal the dura is reconstructed using a <strong>dural graft<\/strong> if necessary. The <strong>bone flap<\/strong> is replaced, or reconstructed if bone was removed, and the <strong>scalp is closed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/neurohirurgija.in.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Craniotomy2.jpg\" alt=\"The image illustrates a craniotomy. Both the skin incision and the skull opening are performed within the hair-bearing area of the scalp. The dura is opened to expose the tumor or the brain as part of the surgical approach to the tumor. After the procedure, the bone flap is secured and the scalp is reconstructed, ensuring no cosmetic defect remains after healing.\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.4085016581248115;width:657px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Image: The image illustrates a craniotomy. Both the skin incision and the skull opening are performed within the hair-bearing area of the scalp. The dura is opened to expose the tumor or the brain as part of the surgical approach to the tumor. After the procedure, the bone flap is secured and the scalp is reconstructed, ensuring no cosmetic defect remains after healing.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"548\" height=\"582\" src=\"https:\/\/neurohirurgija.in.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/meningioma-removal-2.jpg\" alt=\"Stages of surgical removal of a meningioma. After craniotomy and opening of the dura, image (a) shows the dark brown meningioma. Image (b) illustrates its separation from the brain, blood vessels, and other normal tissues, followed by its piecemeal reduction. Image (c) shows the removal of the remaining peripheral parts of the meningioma. Image (d) shows the condition after the meningioma has been completely removed.\" class=\"wp-image-12011\" style=\"width:648px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/neurohirurgija.in.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/meningioma-removal-2.jpg 548w, https:\/\/neurohirurgija.in.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/meningioma-removal-2-282x300.jpg 282w, https:\/\/neurohirurgija.in.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/meningioma-removal-2-11x12.jpg 11w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 548px) 100vw, 548px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Image: Stages of surgical removal of a meningioma. After craniotomy and opening of the dura, image (a) shows the dark brown meningioma. Image (b) illustrates its separation from the brain, blood vessels, and other normal tissues, followed by its piecemeal reduction. Image (c) shows the removal of the remaining peripheral parts of the meningioma. Image (d) shows the condition after the meningioma has been completely removed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"moderns-surgical-strategies\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Modern Surgical Technologies for Convexity Meningioma<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Modern neurosurgery employs several technologies to increase <strong>precision and safety<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Neuronavigation systems<\/strong> function as <strong>intraoperative GPS<\/strong>, allowing the surgeon to navigate within the skull with <strong>millimeter accuracy<\/strong>.<br>\u2022 <strong>Ultrasonic aspirators (CUSA)<\/strong> fragment and aspirate tumor tissue while preserving surrounding <strong>blood vessels<\/strong> and <strong>brain tissue<\/strong>.<br>\u2022 <strong>Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring<\/strong> allows continuous monitoring of <strong>motor or sensory pathway function<\/strong> during surgery when the tumor is close to <strong>eloquent cortical areas<\/strong>, helping avoid surgical damage to important functional regions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These technologies significantly reduce the <strong>risk of neurological injury<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Read more about potential complications following craniotomy and open brain surgery on this&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/neurohirurgija.in.rs\/en\/craniotomy-brain-surgery-complications\/\">page<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In selected cases, surgeons may perform <strong>preoperative embolization<\/strong> before surgical removal of a convexity meningioma. This procedure involves inserting a <strong>catheter<\/strong> into arteries supplying the tumor and injecting materials that reduce <strong>blood flow to the tumor<\/strong> in order to decrease <strong>intraoperative bleeding<\/strong>. Embolization is mainly considered for <strong>large, highly vascular meningiomas<\/strong> supplied by branches of the <strong>external carotid artery<\/strong>. Today it is used in a relatively small proportion of cases because the procedure itself may carry risks such as <strong>stroke<\/strong> or <strong>unintended embolization of normal vessels<\/strong>, and advances in modern microsurgical techniques have reduced the need for routine embolization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"extent-of-surgical-removal\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Extent of Convexity Meningioma Removal \u2014 Simpson Classification<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The completeness of tumor removal is classified using the <strong>Simpson grading system<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Simpson Grade I<\/strong> \u2014 complete removal of the tumor and its <strong>dural attachment<\/strong><br>\u2013 recurrence risk approximately <strong>5\u201310%<\/strong> over long-term follow-up<br>\u2013 probability of needing another intervention <strong>~3\u20135%<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Simpson Grade II<\/strong> \u2014 tumor removed, dural attachment coagulated<br>\u2013 recurrence risk approximately <strong>10\u201320%<\/strong><br>\u2013 probability of further treatment <strong>~5\u201310%<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Simpson Grade III<\/strong> \u2014 tumor removed but dura left intact<br>\u2013 recurrence risk approximately <strong>20\u201330%<\/strong><br>\u2013 probability of additional treatment <strong>~10\u201320%<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Simpson Grade IV<\/strong> \u2014 subtotal removal<br>\u2013 recurrence risk approximately <strong>40\u201360%<\/strong><br>\u2013 additional treatment (<strong>surgery or radiotherapy<\/strong>) often required in <strong>30\u201350%<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Simpson Grade V<\/strong> \u2014 biopsy or decompression only<br>\u2013 tumor progression expected in most patients (<strong>&gt;80\u201390%<\/strong>)<br>\u2013 further definitive treatment usually necessary<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Simpson grade strongly influences the <strong>likelihood of tumor recurrence<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because convexity meningiomas are often <strong>more accessible<\/strong> than deep skull base tumors, <strong>complete removal including the dural attachment<\/strong> is more frequently achievable, which is one of the reasons why their <strong>long-term prognosis is often favorable<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"radiation-therapy\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Radiation Therapy for Convexity Meningioma<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Radiation therapy is used when <strong>complete surgical removal is not possible<\/strong>, when tumors <strong>recur<\/strong>, or when a <strong>small residual tumor<\/strong> remains after surgery. It may also be considered for <strong>small convexity meningiomas<\/strong> that demonstrate clear growth during imaging follow-up, particularly when surgery carries <strong>increased risk<\/strong> or in situations where the patient prefers a <strong>non-surgical treatment option<\/strong> after discussion of the risks and benefits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Typical radiation doses for meningiomas are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>12\u201314 Gy<\/strong> delivered in a single session in <strong>stereotactic radiosurgery<\/strong><br>\u2022 less commonly, <strong>about 50\u201354 Gy in conventionally fractionated radiotherapy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Radiosurgery is generally most suitable for tumors <strong>smaller than about 2.5\u20133 cm<\/strong> that do not cause <strong>significant compression of the brain<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Radiation therapy can effectively <strong>stop tumor growth<\/strong> in many patients. Modern radiation techniques provide <strong>long-term tumor control in approximately 85\u201395% of benign meningiomas<\/strong>, especially when <strong>small residual or recurrent tumors<\/strong> are treated with stereotactic radiosurgery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Even in convexity meningiomas, radiation therapy is not appropriate for all tumors. <strong>Large lesions with marked edema, significant mass effect, or symptomatic cortical compression<\/strong> are usually better managed surgically because <strong>decompression is required<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The final treatment decision is usually made after careful evaluation of <strong>tumor size, exact cortical location, patient age, symptoms, surrounding edema, and overall medical condition<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"recurrence\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Recurrence of Convexity Meningioma<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Recurrence of convexity meningioma is <strong>uncommon after complete removal<\/strong>, but it may still occur depending on the <strong>WHO tumor grade<\/strong> and the <strong>extent of surgical resection<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After complete removal of <strong>benign (WHO Grade I) meningiomas<\/strong>, long-term recurrence rates are usually <strong>around 5\u201310%<\/strong>.<br>When <strong>subtotal removal<\/strong> is performed, recurrence rates are higher.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Atypical (WHO Grade II)<\/strong> meningiomas recur more frequently, while <strong>malignant (WHO Grade III)<\/strong> tumors have the highest recurrence risk and usually require <strong>additional radiotherapy<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because recurrence may appear <strong>many years after treatment<\/strong>, long-term <strong>MRI follow-up is essential<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u27a1 Detailed explanation of recurrence patterns, risk factors, and treatment options is explained here:<br><strong>Meningioma Recurrence \u2014 Causes, Risk, and Treatment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"treatments-by-grades\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Treatment Strategy by Tumor Grade in Convexity Meningioma<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Management also depends strongly on the <strong>WHO tumor grade<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>WHO grade I meningiomas.<\/strong> After complete surgical removal, most patients require <strong>only periodic MRI follow-up<\/strong>. If the tumor recurs during follow-up, management may include <strong>continued observation, repeat surgery, or stereotactic radiosurgery<\/strong>, depending on the rate of growth and clinical symptoms.<br>\u2022 <strong>WHO grade II (atypical) meningiomas.<\/strong> These tumors recur more frequently. <strong>Postoperative radiotherapy<\/strong> is often recommended, particularly after <strong>incomplete tumor removal<\/strong>, although some patients may be managed with <strong>close MRI follow-up after complete resection<\/strong>.<br>\u2022 <strong>WHO grade III (malignant) meningiomas.<\/strong> These aggressive tumors typically require <strong>postoperative radiotherapy regardless of the completeness of surgical removal<\/strong>, together with <strong>close imaging follow-up<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Long-Term Monitoring of Convexity Meningioma<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because convexity meningiomas may recur <strong>many years after treatment<\/strong>, <strong>long-term follow-up<\/strong> is essential.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Typical surveillance includes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>annual MRI<\/strong> for several years after treatment<br>\u2022 <strong>longer imaging intervals<\/strong> if the tumor remains stable<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Early detection of recurrence allows treatment before <strong>significant neurological damage<\/strong> develops.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"background:#f4faff;border:1px solid #cce5ff;border-radius:10px;padding:18px;margin:28px 0;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);line-height:1.45;\">\n\n  <h2 id=\"treatment-decision-summary-convexity-meningioma\" style=\"color:#005c99;margin:0 0 10px 0;\">Treatment Decision Summary for Convexity Meningioma<\/h2>\n\n  <p style=\"margin:6px 0;\">Treatment decisions for convexity meningioma usually follow several general principles.<\/p>\n\n  <h3 style=\"color:#005c99;margin:12px 0 4px 0;font-size:1.05em;\">1. Before treatment<\/h3>\n\n  <p style=\"margin:4px 0;\">If the tumor is small, causes no symptoms, and does not significantly compress the brain, MRI monitoring is often the safest first step.<\/p>\n\n  <p style=\"margin:4px 0;\">If the tumor causes neurological symptoms, produces significant mass effect or edema, or shows documented growth on follow-up imaging, active treatment is more often recommended.<\/p>\n\n  <h3 style=\"color:#005c99;margin:12px 0 4px 0;font-size:1.05em;\">2. Choosing the main treatment<\/h3>\n\n  <p style=\"margin:4px 0;\">Surgery is usually preferred when the patient is in good overall condition and the tumor can be removed with acceptable neurological risk.<\/p>\n\n  <p style=\"margin:4px 0;\">Radiotherapy or radiosurgery may be considered when surgery carries higher risk, when the tumor is small, when there is residual or recurrent tumor, or when the patient prefers radiation treatment after discussion of the available options.<\/p>\n\n  <h3 style=\"color:#005c99;margin:12px 0 4px 0;font-size:1.05em;\">3. After surgery<\/h3>\n\n  <p style=\"margin:4px 0;\"><strong>WHO Grade I + complete removal:<\/strong> MRI follow-up is usually sufficient.<\/p>\n\n  <p style=\"margin:4px 0;\"><strong>WHO Grade I + residual tumor:<\/strong> follow-up or radiosurgery\/radiotherapy may be considered depending on tumor growth and location.<\/p>\n\n  <p style=\"margin:4px 0;\"><strong>WHO Grade II:<\/strong> postoperative radiotherapy is usually recommended after incomplete tumor removal. After complete resection, some patients may be managed with MRI follow-up or radiotherapy depending on recurrence risk.<\/p>\n\n  <p style=\"margin:4px 0;\"><strong>WHO Grade III:<\/strong> surgery is usually followed by radiotherapy regardless of the completeness of tumor removal, together with close imaging follow-up.<\/p>\n\n  <p style=\"margin:10px 0 0 0;\">This is a simplified overview. In real clinical practice, treatment decisions also depend on tumor size, exact cortical location, growth rate, surrounding brain edema, proximity to eloquent brain regions, patient age, and overall neurological condition.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"experimental-therapies\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Experimental and Targeted Therapies for Convexity Meningioma<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Experimental and Targeted Therapies for Convexity Meningioma<\/strong><br>Several medications have been investigated for <strong>recurrent<\/strong> or <strong>progressive meningiomas<\/strong> when <strong>surgery<\/strong> and <strong>radiotherapy<\/strong> are no longer sufficient. These include <strong>bevacizumab<\/strong>, which targets <strong>tumor blood vessel growth<\/strong>, as well as treatments acting on <strong>molecular pathways<\/strong> involved in tumor development, including <strong>AKT<\/strong> and <strong>SMO inhibitors<\/strong>. <strong>Somatostatin-receptor-based therapies<\/strong> such as <strong>octreotide<\/strong> and combinations including <strong>everolimus<\/strong> have also been studied.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In recent years, interest has increased in <strong>targeted treatment approaches<\/strong> for meningiomas with specific <strong>molecular alterations<\/strong> such as <strong>NF2, AKT1, or SMO mutations<\/strong>. However, most of these therapies remain under <strong>clinical investigation<\/strong>, and current evidence is still limited. At present, there is <strong>no established drug therapy<\/strong> that reliably controls most <strong>convexity meningiomas<\/strong>, which is why <strong>surgery<\/strong> and <strong>radiotherapy<\/strong> remain the <strong>main treatment options<\/strong> for the majority of patients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"when-opinions-differ\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>When Expert Opinions May Differ in Convexity Meningioma<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Differences in specialist recommendations do not necessarily indicate that one opinion is wrong. In <strong>convexity meningioma<\/strong> management, treatment strategy may vary depending on how a physician weighs <strong>tumor size, exact cortical location, documented growth, presence of brain edema, neurological symptoms, and patient age<\/strong>, as well as the balance between <strong>observation, surgery, and radiation therapy<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In many patients, <strong>the diagnosis is clear, but the decision about treatment is not<\/strong>. When a meningioma is discovered, especially incidentally, different specialists may recommend <strong>MRI monitoring, early surgery, or radiation therapy<\/strong>, even when reviewing the same imaging findings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These differences arise because treatment decisions depend on how risk is interpreted. Some specialists place greater emphasis on <strong>preventing future tumor growth and neurological deterioration<\/strong>, while others prioritize <strong>avoiding unnecessary intervention in tumors that may remain stable for years<\/strong>. The same tumor may therefore be managed differently depending on whether the focus is on <strong>long-term tumor control or immediate neurological safety<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uncertainty is particularly common in situations where the tumor is <strong>small but located near functionally important cortex, shows minimal or borderline growth, or produces mild or nonspecific symptoms<\/strong>. In such cases, there is often no single universally correct strategy, but rather several acceptable approaches based on clinical judgment and experience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because of this, patients are frequently given different recommendations regarding <strong>whether to observe or treat, when to intervene, and which treatment modality to choose<\/strong>. Careful analysis of imaging findings together with clinical context usually allows these differences to be explained and helps define the most appropriate strategy for the individual patient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Observation vs. Early Surgery in Convexity Meningioma<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One of the most common differences in opinion occurs when a convexity meningioma is discovered <strong>incidentally on MRI<\/strong> and the patient has <strong>no symptoms<\/strong>. Some specialists recommend <strong>active surveillance<\/strong>, particularly when the tumor is <strong>small and shows no signs of growth<\/strong>. Others may recommend <strong>early surgery<\/strong>, especially if the tumor is located over an <strong>important cortical region<\/strong> where future growth could threaten neurological function. Both approaches may be appropriate depending on the <strong>individual clinical situation<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Differences in Surgical Strategy for Convexity Meningioma<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Even when surgery is recommended, surgeons may disagree about the <strong>optimal surgical strategy<\/strong>. In some cases a surgeon may aim for <strong>complete removal including the dural attachment<\/strong>, while another may prefer a <strong>more conservative removal<\/strong> if the tumor lies close to <strong>important cortical veins<\/strong> or <strong>eloquent brain tissue<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Surgery vs. Radiation Therapy in Convexity Meningioma<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another area where opinions may differ involves the use of <strong>radiation therapy<\/strong>. Some specialists recommend <strong>surgical removal first<\/strong>, followed by radiation only if <strong>residual tumor remains<\/strong>. Others may recommend <strong>primary stereotactic radiosurgery<\/strong>, particularly for <strong>small tumors without significant mass effect<\/strong>. Decisions between surgery and radiation therapy may also depend on <strong>tumor size, location, growth rate, proximity to important functional cortical regions, and the expected surgical risk<\/strong> for the individual patient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because treatment decisions depend on many <strong>individual variables<\/strong>, careful review of <strong>MRI images and clinical history<\/strong> often allows specialists to explain why different recommendations may exist and which option is most appropriate for a specific patient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"prognosis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How Convexity Meningioma Prognosis Depends on Location, Grade, and Extent of Removal<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The prognosis of convexity meningioma depends primarily on three major factors: the <strong>biological grade of the tumor<\/strong>, its <strong>exact anatomical location<\/strong>, and the <strong>extent to which it can be safely removed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In general, <strong>WHO Grade I meningiomas<\/strong> have the most favorable prognosis. They usually <strong>grow slowly<\/strong>, and when they are <strong>completely removed together with their dural attachment<\/strong>, long-term tumor control is often excellent. By contrast, <strong>atypical and malignant meningiomas<\/strong> have a <strong>higher risk of recurrence<\/strong>, even after apparently complete surgery, and therefore usually require <strong>closer follow-up<\/strong> and often <strong>additional radiation therapy<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tumor location is equally important. Convexity meningiomas are often associated with a <strong>better surgical prognosis<\/strong> because they can usually be <strong>approached more directly<\/strong> and <strong>separated more safely<\/strong> from surrounding structures than many deep or skull base meningiomas. However, the exact cortical area remains highly relevant. Tumors located over <strong>eloquent motor or sensory cortex<\/strong>, or near <strong>important cortical veins<\/strong>, may still require the surgeon to choose between <strong>more radical removal<\/strong> and <strong>preservation of neurological function<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For this reason, the <strong>extent of tumor removal<\/strong> strongly influences <strong>long-term outcome<\/strong>. The smaller the amount of residual tumor left behind, the lower the probability of recurrence. However, in modern neurosurgery, the best result does not always mean the <strong>most aggressive resection<\/strong>. In some patients, intentionally leaving a <strong>very small tumor remnant<\/strong> densely adherent to <strong>critical cortical vessels<\/strong> or <strong>eloquent brain tissue<\/strong> may provide a better overall outcome than attempting complete removal at the cost of <strong>permanent neurological damage<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In practical terms, prognosis is best in patients with <strong>benign convexity meningiomas<\/strong> located in <strong>surgically favorable regions<\/strong> and <strong>removed completely<\/strong>. It is generally less favorable in <strong>higher-grade tumors<\/strong> and in cases where only <strong>subtotal removal<\/strong> is possible because of the risk to <strong>important functional brain structures<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"border: 1px solid #ccc; border-radius: 12px; padding: 20px; margin-top: 40px; box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); background-color: #f9f9f9;\"> \n  <h2 id=\"telehealth\" style=\"margin-top: 0; color: #004466;\">\n    Request Convexity Meningioma Second Opinion \u2014 24-Hour Review (Priority Option Available Within Hours)\n  <\/h2>\n\n  <p>\n    Being told that an <strong>MRI has revealed a convexity meningioma<\/strong> often raises important questions:\n    Is the tumor dangerous?\n    Should it be monitored or surgically removed?\n    What is the risk of seizures, neurological deficit, or tumor growth?\n    Is radiosurgery an appropriate alternative?\n    <br><br>\n    An independent neurosurgical second opinion may help clarify the <strong>urgency of treatment<\/strong>,\n    expected neurological outcome, likelihood of tumor growth or recurrence, and the safest balance between\n    observation, surgical removal, and radiation therapy based on MRI findings, tumor size, cortical location,\n    surrounding brain edema, and the patient\u2019s overall neurological condition.\n  <\/p>\n\n  <ul style=\"padding-left: 0; margin-bottom: 20px; list-style: none;\">\n    <li style=\"position: relative; padding-left: 28px; margin: 8px 0;\">\n      <span style=\"position:absolute; left:0; top:0;\">\u2714<\/span>\n      Send a brief message describing your current symptoms and the key findings from your MRI or CT report\n    <\/li>\n    <li style=\"position: relative; padding-left: 28px; margin: 8px 0;\">\n      <span style=\"position:absolute; left:0; top:0;\">\u2714<\/span>\n      You will receive a reply within 24 hours explaining whether an online consultation is appropriate and which documentation is required\n    <\/li>\n    <li style=\"position: relative; padding-left: 28px; margin: 8px 0;\">\n      <span style=\"position:absolute; left:0; top:0;\">\u2714<\/span>\n      <strong>Priority cases:<\/strong> rapidly worsening neurological symptoms, new seizures, tumors in eloquent cortical regions, proposed urgent surgery, or conflicting specialist recommendations \u2014 write PRIORITY in your first message\n    <\/li>\n    <li style=\"position: relative; padding-left: 28px; margin: 8px 0;\">\n      <span style=\"position:absolute; left:0; top:0;\">\u2714<\/span>\n      MRI images (DICOM format), radiology reports, and relevant documentation can be reviewed to assess tumor size, cortical location, surrounding brain edema, and possible treatment strategies\n    <\/li>\n    <li style=\"position: relative; padding-left: 28px; margin: 8px 0;\">\n      <span style=\"position:absolute; left:0; top:0;\">\u2714<\/span>\n      During consultation we explain whether observation, microsurgical removal, radiosurgery, or combined treatment is most appropriate \u2014 including expected neurological risks and up to 10 days of follow-up clarification\n    <\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n\n  <div style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\">\n    <div style=\"font-weight: bold;\">\n      Consultation fees typically range from $180\u2013250 depending on case complexity and documentation volume.\n    <\/div>\n    <div style=\"font-weight: bold;\">\n      Secure payment by credit card, PayPal invoice (USD), or bank transfer.\n    <\/div>\n    <div style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #333; margin-top: 4px;\">\n      This corresponds to typical international specialist telehealth neurosurgical second-opinion services.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div style=\"display: flex; gap: 10px; flex-wrap: wrap;\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/381628534555\" style=\"background-color: #25D366; color: white; padding: 10px 16px; border-radius: 8px; text-decoration: none;\">\n      \ud83d\udcf1 WhatsApp Message\n    <\/a>\n    <a href=\"mailto:zkoja@yahoo.com\" style=\"background-color: #0073aa; color: white; padding: 10px 16px; border-radius: 8px; text-decoration: none;\">\n      \u2709 Email Us\n    <\/a>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/m.me\/zeljko.kojadinovic.3\" style=\"background-color: #1877f2; color: white; padding: 10px 16px; border-radius: 8px; text-decoration: none;\">\n      \ud83d\udcac Messenger Chat\n    <\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"can-be-lif-ethreatening\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Can a Convexity Meningioma Become Life-Threatening?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yes, a convexity meningioma can become <strong>life-threatening<\/strong>, although this is <strong>not the usual course<\/strong> in most patients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most convexity meningiomas are <strong>slow-growing tumors<\/strong>, and many remain <strong>stable for years<\/strong> without causing major neurological problems. However, if the tumor becomes <strong>large enough<\/strong>, it may produce <strong>severe pressure on the brain, significant surrounding edema, progressive cortical dysfunction, marked intracranial pressure elevation, or brain herniation<\/strong>. In such situations, the danger does not arise only from the biological nature of the tumor itself, but from its <strong>mass effect on vital brain structures<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A convexity meningioma may therefore become life-threatening when it causes <strong>marked intracranial pressure elevation, brain herniation, repeated seizures with progressive neurological deterioration, or severe mass effect on the brain<\/strong>. This risk is higher in <strong>large tumors<\/strong>, tumors associated with <strong>extensive edema<\/strong>, and in more aggressive histological forms such as <strong>atypical or malignant meningioma<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For this reason, even though convexity meningiomas are often described as <strong>benign tumors<\/strong>, they should never be considered <strong>harmless solely on the basis of histological grade<\/strong>. Their real clinical significance depends on <strong>tumor size, exact cortical location, rate of growth, and the effect they produce on surrounding brain structures<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"faq-convexity-meningioma\" style=\"margin-top: 14px;\">\nFrequently Asked Questions About Convexity Meningioma\n<\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"faq-accordion\" style=\"margin:32px 0;\">\n  <style>\n    .faq-accordion details {\n      border: 1px solid #e3e8ef; border-radius: 10px; background:#f8fafc;\n      padding: 12px 16px; margin: 10px 0;\n    }\n    .faq-accordion summary {\n      list-style: none; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 700; color:#0b3a5e;\n      display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center; gap:12px;\n    }\n    .faq-accordion summary::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }\n    .faq-accordion summary::after {\n      content: \"\uff0b\"; font-weight: 700; color:#0b3a5e; flex-shrink:0;\n      font-size:1.15em; line-height:1;\n    }\n    .faq-accordion details[open] summary::after { content: \"\u2212\"; }\n    .faq-accordion .answer { margin-top: 10px; color:#0f172a; line-height:1.6; }\n  <\/style>\n\n  <details>\n    <summary><h3 style=\"margin:0; font-size:1.05em; line-height:1.4;\">Can a convexity meningioma cause seizures even when it is benign?<\/h3><\/summary>\n    <div class=\"answer\">\n      Yes. A convexity meningioma can cause seizures even when it is biologically benign because seizures are related mainly to irritation of the cerebral cortex, not only to tumor grade. Convexity meningiomas grow on the outer surface of the brain and may compress the nearby brain surface. This pressure, especially when combined with surrounding brain edema, can disturb normal electrical activity in the cortex and trigger seizures. Most convexity meningiomas are WHO Grade I tumors, but a benign tumor can still produce symptoms if it affects an active cortical region. For this reason, seizures in a patient with convexity meningioma should be evaluated together with tumor location, edema, EEG findings, and other possible causes of epilepsy.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n\n  <details>\n    <summary><h3 style=\"margin:0; font-size:1.05em; line-height:1.4;\">Why are seizures common in convexity meningioma?<\/h3><\/summary>\n    <div class=\"answer\">\n      Seizures are common in convexity meningioma because these tumors are located directly over the cerebral cortex. Although they usually grow outside the brain tissue and do not invade it directly, they can compress and irritate the brain surface. This irritation may disturb normal neuronal activity and produce abnormal electrical discharges. The risk is higher when there is peritumoral brain edema, when the tumor lies near functionally active cortical areas, or when the surrounding cortex has been chronically compressed. However, not every seizure in a patient with a convexity meningioma is automatically caused by the tumor. Doctors must correlate seizure type, tumor location, edema, EEG findings, and other possible causes before deciding whether the meningioma is truly responsible.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n\n  <details>\n    <summary><h3 style=\"margin:0; font-size:1.05em; line-height:1.4;\">Can a convexity meningioma cause progressive weakness or numbness?<\/h3><\/summary>\n    <div class=\"answer\">\n      Yes. A convexity meningioma can cause progressive weakness or numbness when it compresses cortical areas responsible for movement or sensation. Tumors over the motor cortex may produce weakness, clumsiness, or loss of fine motor control on the opposite side of the body. Tumors over the sensory cortex may cause numbness, altered sensation, or sensory neglect. These symptoms often develop gradually because convexity meningiomas usually grow slowly and compress rather than invade the brain. Surrounding edema may worsen the neurological deficit by increasing pressure around the tumor. The exact symptom pattern depends on cortical location, tumor size, edema, and proximity to important brain regions. Progressive weakness or numbness usually makes treatment more likely than simple observation.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n\n  <details>\n    <summary><h3 style=\"margin:0; font-size:1.05em; line-height:1.4;\">How does convexity meningioma affect the motor cortex and sensory cortex?<\/h3><\/summary>\n    <div class=\"answer\">\n      Convexity meningioma affects the motor cortex and sensory cortex by pressing on the brain surface from outside the brain tissue. If the tumor lies over the motor cortex, it may interfere with signals that control movement, causing weakness, clumsiness, or reduced fine motor control on the opposite side of the body. If it lies over the sensory cortex, patients may develop numbness, altered sensation, or difficulty recognizing sensory information. The effect is stronger when the tumor is large, when surrounding edema is present, or when compression has lasted a long time. MRI helps define the exact cortical location and relationship to nearby vessels. This anatomical information is important because it influences both symptoms and surgical risk.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n\n  <details>\n    <summary><h3 style=\"margin:0; font-size:1.05em; line-height:1.4;\">Can headaches from convexity meningioma be confused with migraine or tension headache?<\/h3><\/summary>\n    <div class=\"answer\">\n      Yes. Headaches in a patient with convexity meningioma can be confused with migraine, tension-type headache, or cervicogenic headache because these common headache disorders occur frequently in the general population. A small convexity meningioma discovered on MRI does not automatically explain headache. The tumor is more likely to be responsible when it is larger, produces significant brain edema, increases intracranial pressure, or causes mass effect on surrounding brain structures. For this reason, the type of headache should be carefully evaluated before attributing it to the tumor. Headache alone is usually not a sufficient reason to recommend immediate surgery for a small, otherwise asymptomatic convexity meningioma. Clinical context and imaging findings must be considered together.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n\n  <details>\n    <summary><h3 style=\"margin:0; font-size:1.05em; line-height:1.4;\">Why may convexity meningioma remain unnoticed for years before diagnosis?<\/h3><\/summary>\n    <div class=\"answer\">\n      Convexity meningioma may remain unnoticed for years because many of these tumors grow slowly and may produce no symptoms for a long time. Since they arise outside the brain tissue, they often compress the cortex gradually instead of causing sudden injury. Some tumors remain stable for years and are discovered incidentally during MRI or CT performed for unrelated reasons. Symptoms usually appear when the tumor becomes large enough to irritate the cortex, cause seizures, produce edema, compress motor or sensory regions, or create significant mass effect. Even then, early symptoms such as mild headache, subtle weakness, numbness, slowed thinking, or occasional seizures may be nonspecific. This slow development explains why diagnosis is sometimes delayed until imaging is performed.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n\n  <details>\n    <summary><h3 style=\"margin:0; font-size:1.05em; line-height:1.4;\">Can a convexity meningioma be dangerous even if it is benign?<\/h3><\/summary>\n    <div class=\"answer\">\n      Yes. A convexity meningioma can be dangerous even if it is benign because clinical danger depends on more than histological grade. Most convexity meningiomas are WHO Grade I tumors and grow slowly, but a large benign tumor can still compress the brain, produce edema, trigger seizures, cause neurological deficits, or increase intracranial pressure. The risk depends on tumor size, cortical location, growth rate, surrounding edema, and effect on nearby vessels or important functional brain regions. A benign tumor over a sensitive motor or sensory area may produce major symptoms, while another tumor in a less critical location may remain silent. Therefore, \u201cbenign\u201d does not always mean harmless; the real significance depends on anatomy and mass effect.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n\n<details>\n  <summary><h3 style=\"margin:0; font-size:1.05em; line-height:1.4;\">What does cerebral convexity mean in convexity meningioma?<\/h3><\/summary>\n  <div class=\"answer\">\n    Cerebral convexity means the outer curved surface of the brain beneath the skull. A convexity meningioma arises from the dura covering this outer brain surface rather than from deep skull base structures. The exact area of the convexity matters because frontal, parietal, temporal, or occipital convexity meningiomas may cause different symptoms depending on which cortical region is compressed. For example, a frontal convexity meningioma may affect behavior, concentration, or movement, while a parietal convexity meningioma may cause sensory symptoms, spatial difficulties, or seizures. MRI helps define the exact cortical location and shows whether there is surrounding brain edema, mass effect, or compression of important functional areas.\n  <\/div>\n<\/details>\n\n  <details>\n    <summary><h3 style=\"margin:0; font-size:1.05em; line-height:1.4;\">Can a convexity meningioma become life-threatening because of brain edema or mass effect?<\/h3><\/summary>\n    <div class=\"answer\">\n      Yes. A convexity meningioma can become life-threatening if it becomes large enough to cause severe brain compression, marked surrounding edema, increased intracranial pressure, or brain herniation. This is not the usual course for most convexity meningiomas, many of which remain stable for years, but it can happen in large tumors or more aggressive histological forms. The skull is a closed space, so a growing tumor and edema can displace normal brain structures. In severe cases, this pressure may push brain tissue through natural openings and compress vital centers responsible for consciousness, breathing, and circulation. Repeated seizures with progressive neurological deterioration may also become dangerous. These risks are why large symptomatic tumors require careful neurosurgical evaluation.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n\n  <details>\n    <summary><h3 style=\"margin:0; font-size:1.05em; line-height:1.4;\">Does every convexity meningioma require surgery?<\/h3><\/summary>\n    <div class=\"answer\">\n      No. Not every convexity meningioma requires surgery. Many small, asymptomatic tumors discovered incidentally can be monitored with periodic MRI, especially when there is little or no growth, no significant edema, and no compression of important cortical areas. Observation is often appropriate when the patient has no neurological symptoms and the tumor appears stable. Surgery becomes more likely when the tumor grows, causes seizures, progressive weakness, numbness, behavioral change, significant edema, mass effect, or other neurological symptoms. The decision is individualized. A small stable tumor may be watched safely, while a symptomatic or enlarging tumor over motor or sensory cortex may require treatment. MRI follow-up helps determine whether the tumor is stable or changing over time.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n\n  <details>\n    <summary><h3 style=\"margin:0; font-size:1.05em; line-height:1.4;\">When can convexity meningioma be safely monitored without treatment?<\/h3><\/summary>\n    <div class=\"answer\">\n      Convexity meningioma can be monitored without treatment when it is small, causes no neurological symptoms, shows little or no growth over time, has little or no surrounding edema, and does not compress important cortical brain structures. Observation is especially common when the tumor is discovered incidentally during imaging performed for another reason. Follow-up usually involves MRI every 6\u201312 months initially. Tumors that are partially or extensively calcified may represent long-standing slow growth and may support a decision for observation. Monitoring becomes less appropriate if the tumor grows, causes seizures, weakness, numbness, significant edema, mass effect, or other neurological symptoms. Observation should therefore be active surveillance, not ignoring the tumor.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n\n  <details>\n    <summary><h3 style=\"margin:0; font-size:1.05em; line-height:1.4;\">How is treatment decision-making performed in convexity meningioma?<\/h3><\/summary>\n    <div class=\"answer\">\n      Treatment decision-making in convexity meningioma depends on tumor size, exact cortical location, growth rate, symptoms, surrounding brain edema, and overall health. If the tumor is small, stable, asymptomatic, and not compressing important brain regions, MRI monitoring is often the safest first step. If the tumor causes seizures, progressive weakness, numbness, behavioral change, significant edema, mass effect, or documented growth, active treatment is more often recommended. Surgery is usually preferred when the tumor can be removed with acceptable neurological risk because convexity meningiomas are often directly accessible on the brain surface. Radiosurgery or radiotherapy may be considered for small growing tumors, residual tumor, recurrent tumor, multiple meningiomas, or when surgery carries higher risk.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n\n  <details>\n    <summary><h3 style=\"margin:0; font-size:1.05em; line-height:1.4;\">Why may specialists recommend observation while others advise surgery for convexity meningioma?<\/h3><\/summary>\n    <div class=\"answer\">\n      Specialists may recommend different strategies for convexity meningioma because treatment depends on how risk is interpreted. Observation may be reasonable when the tumor is small, incidental, stable, and not causing symptoms, edema, or compression of important cortex. Surgery may be recommended if the tumor is growing, producing seizures, causing weakness or numbness, creating edema, or lying over an important motor or sensory region where future growth could threaten neurological function. Some doctors emphasize avoiding unnecessary intervention in tumors that may remain stable for years. Others emphasize preventing future growth and neurological deterioration. Both approaches may be reasonable depending on the MRI findings, symptoms, age, medical condition, cortical location, and expected surgical risk.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n\n  <details>\n    <summary><h3 style=\"margin:0; font-size:1.05em; line-height:1.4;\">Is surgery usually easier for convexity meningioma than for skull base meningioma?<\/h3><\/summary>\n    <div class=\"answer\">\n      In many cases, surgery is technically more straightforward for convexity meningioma than for deep skull base meningioma because convexity tumors lie on the outer surface of the brain beneath the skull. This often allows a more direct approach through a craniotomy placed over the tumor. Complete removal, including the dural attachment, is more frequently achievable than in many skull base locations. However, \u201ceasier\u201d does not mean risk-free. Surgical complexity still depends on tumor size, surrounding edema, cortical location, nearby veins and arteries, and proximity to eloquent motor, sensory, or language areas. A convexity meningioma over a critical functional cortex may require a more conservative strategy to preserve neurological function.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n\n  <details>\n    <summary><h3 style=\"margin:0; font-size:1.05em; line-height:1.4;\">How is surgery for convexity meningioma performed?<\/h3><\/summary>\n    <div class=\"answer\">\n      Surgery for convexity meningioma is performed through a craniotomy, meaning a temporary skull opening is made directly over the tumor. The scalp incision is carefully planned, often within the hairline. After opening the skull and dura, the surgeon exposes the tumor and surrounding brain surface. The dural attachment is usually controlled early to reduce blood supply. The tumor is then reduced from the inside, often with an ultrasonic aspirator, which lowers pressure and makes dissection safer. The remaining tumor is separated from the brain and cortical vessels under microscopic magnification. When possible, the involved dura is removed or coagulated to reduce recurrence risk. If bone is infiltrated, abnormal bone may be drilled away or reconstructed.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n\n  <details>\n    <summary><h3 style=\"margin:0; font-size:1.05em; line-height:1.4;\">Can a convexity meningioma be completely removed?<\/h3><\/summary>\n    <div class=\"answer\">\n      Yes. Complete removal is often achievable in convexity meningioma because these tumors are usually located on the outer brain surface and are more directly accessible than many deep skull base meningiomas. When the tumor can be separated safely from the brain and nearby vessels, the surgeon may remove the tumor together with its dural attachment, which lowers recurrence risk. This corresponds to a more favorable Simpson grade. However, complete removal is not always the safest goal. If the tumor is densely attached to important cortical vessels or lies close to eloquent motor, sensory, or language cortex, a small remnant may sometimes be left to avoid permanent neurological damage. Long-term prognosis is best when safe complete removal is possible.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n<details>\n  <summary><h3 style=\"margin:0; font-size:1.05em; line-height:1.4;\">What is a convexity craniotomy for meningioma?<\/h3><\/summary>\n  <div class=\"answer\">\n    A convexity craniotomy for meningioma is a skull opening planned over the outer surface of the brain where the convexity meningioma is attached to the dura. The goal is to reach the tumor directly, remove the tumor mass, treat its dural attachment when safe, and protect the underlying cerebral cortex, cortical veins, and functional brain areas. Because convexity meningiomas are located on the brain surface, surgery is often more direct than for deep skull base tumors. However, the operation still requires careful planning when the tumor lies near the motor cortex, sensory cortex, language areas, important cortical veins, or when there is significant brain edema.\n  <\/div>\n<\/details>\n\n  <details>\n    <summary><h3 style=\"margin:0; font-size:1.05em; line-height:1.4;\">Why may surgeons intentionally leave part of a convexity meningioma behind?<\/h3><\/summary>\n    <div class=\"answer\">\n      Surgeons may intentionally leave part of a convexity meningioma behind when complete removal would create an unacceptable risk to important cortical vessels or eloquent brain tissue. Although convexity meningiomas are often more accessible than skull base tumors, some may be adherent to critical veins, arteries, motor cortex, sensory cortex, or language areas. In those situations, aggressive removal could cause weakness, numbness, speech problems, or other permanent deficits. Modern neurosurgery aims to balance tumor control with preservation of neurological function. Leaving a very small remnant may provide a better overall outcome than forcing complete removal at any cost. The remnant can then be followed by MRI or treated later with radiosurgery or radiotherapy if growth occurs.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n\n  <details>\n    <summary><h3 style=\"margin:0; font-size:1.05em; line-height:1.4;\">What is Simpson grading and why does it matter in convexity meningioma surgery?<\/h3><\/summary>\n    <div class=\"answer\">\n      Simpson grading describes the extent of meningioma removal and helps estimate recurrence risk. Simpson Grade I means complete removal of the tumor and its dural attachment, with the lowest recurrence risk. Grade II means the tumor is removed and the dural attachment is coagulated. Grade III leaves the dura intact, while Grade IV means subtotal removal and Grade V means biopsy or decompression only. In convexity meningioma, a favorable Simpson grade is often achievable because the tumor is usually more accessible on the brain surface. However, the surgeon must still balance recurrence prevention with safety. If complete removal threatens important cortical vessels or eloquent brain tissue, preserving neurological function may be more important than achieving the most aggressive Simpson grade.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n\n  <details>\n    <summary><h3 style=\"margin:0; font-size:1.05em; line-height:1.4;\">When is radiosurgery or radiotherapy used for convexity meningioma?<\/h3><\/summary>\n    <div class=\"answer\">\n      Radiosurgery or radiotherapy may be used for convexity meningioma when complete surgical removal is not possible, when a small residual tumor remains, when the tumor recurs, or when a small tumor shows growth but surgery carries increased risk. Stereotactic radiosurgery is generally most suitable for tumors smaller than about 2.5\u20133 cm that do not cause significant brain compression. Radiation may also be considered for multiple meningiomas or when the patient prefers a non-surgical option after discussion of risks and benefits. Large convexity meningiomas with marked edema, significant mass effect, or symptomatic cortical compression are usually better treated surgically because decompression is needed. Final decisions depend on size, location, symptoms, edema, and WHO grade.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n\n<details>\n  <summary style=\"cursor:pointer;list-style:none;color:#003366 !important;\">\n    <h3 style=\"display:inline;font-size:1.05em;font-weight:700;margin:0;color:#003366 !important;\">\n      How do doctors determine whether a convexity meningioma is truly causing my seizures?\n    <\/h3>\n  <\/summary>\n  <div class=\"answer\">\n    <p>A convexity meningioma is more likely to be responsible for seizures when it lies directly next to the cerebral cortex, produces surrounding brain edema, and the seizure pattern matches the function of the affected cortical region. Doctors also assess whether the seizures began after the tumor became clinically relevant and whether there is another possible cause of epilepsy.<\/p>\n    <p>Evaluation usually includes detailed seizure history, EEG findings, MRI review, tumor location, edema, cortical compression, and exclusion of another epileptogenic lesion. The relationship is more convincing when EEG abnormalities and seizure semiology correspond to the same brain region as the convexity meningioma. If seizures remain uncontrolled despite appropriate medication, a structured epilepsy evaluation may be needed before deciding whether tumor surgery is likely to improve seizure control. More information is available on our <a href=\"https:\/\/neurohirurgija.in.rs\/en\/epilepsy-surgery-when-it-is-the-right-option\/\">epilepsy surgery page<\/a>.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/details>\n\n<details>\n  <summary style=\"cursor:pointer;list-style:none;color:#003366 !important;\">\n    <h3 style=\"display:inline;font-size:1.05em;font-weight:700;margin:0;color:#003366 !important;\">\n      What are the specific risks and complications of convexity meningioma surgery?\n    <\/h3>\n  <\/summary>\n  <div class=\"answer\">\n    <p>The risks depend mainly on tumor size, surrounding brain edema, exact cortical location, blood supply, and proximity to important cortical arteries, veins, and functional brain areas. Possible complications include bleeding, postoperative hematoma, brain swelling, seizures, infection, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, stroke, venous infarction, wound-healing problems, and injury to nearby brain tissue.<\/p>\n    <p>Neurological deficits depend on the cortical region involved and may include weakness, numbness, speech disturbance, visual-spatial problems, impaired coordination, or cognitive and behavioral changes. In selected cases, a small part of the tumor may be intentionally left behind when it is densely attached to important vessels or eloquent cortex, in order to avoid permanent neurological injury. Residual or recurrent tumor may later require MRI monitoring, radiosurgery, radiotherapy, or further surgery. A broader explanation is available on our <a href=\"https:\/\/neurohirurgija.in.rs\/en\/craniotomy-brain-surgery-complications\/\">craniotomy and brain surgery complications page<\/a>.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/details>\n\n  <details>\n    <summary><h3 style=\"margin:0; font-size:1.05em; line-height:1.4;\">Can convexity meningioma recur after surgery or radiation treatment?<\/h3><\/summary>\n    <div class=\"answer\">\n      Yes. Convexity meningioma can recur after surgery or radiation treatment, although recurrence is uncommon after complete removal of a benign WHO Grade I tumor. The risk depends mainly on tumor grade and extent of removal. If the tumor and dural attachment are completely removed, long-term recurrence risk is relatively low. If subtotal removal is performed, recurrence risk is higher. WHO Grade II atypical meningiomas recur more often, while WHO Grade III malignant tumors have the highest recurrence risk and usually require radiotherapy. Recurrence may appear many years after treatment, so long-term MRI follow-up is essential. Management of recurrence may include continued observation, repeat surgery, stereotactic radiosurgery, or radiotherapy depending on growth and symptoms.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n\n  <details>\n    <summary><h3 style=\"margin:0; font-size:1.05em; line-height:1.4;\">Can an online second opinion help clarify treatment decisions for convexity meningioma?<\/h3><\/summary>\n    <div class=\"answer\">\n      Yes. An online second opinion can help clarify treatment decisions for convexity meningioma when MRI or CT has shown the tumor but the safest strategy is uncertain. It is especially useful when specialists disagree between observation, surgery, radiosurgery, or radiotherapy; when seizures, weakness, numbness, headaches, or edema are present; or when surgery has been recommended but the expected neurological risks are unclear. MRI images, reports, and clinical history can be reviewed to assess tumor size, cortical location, growth, surrounding edema, relationship to important cortical vessels, and possible treatment strategies. The goal is to explain whether monitoring, microsurgical removal, radiosurgery, or combined treatment is most appropriate for the individual case.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<!-- Meningioma cluster mini-nav (place near bottom of each page) -->\n<nav aria-label=\"Meningioma cluster\" class=\"meningioma-mini\" style=\"margin:20px 0;font-size:12.5px;color:#555;background:#f7faff;border:1px solid #d9ecff;border-radius:8px;padding:10px 12px;\">\n  <div style=\"font-weight:600;color:#0a4d78;margin:0 0 6px 0\">Related meningioma pages<\/div>\n  <ul style=\"list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px 16px;\">\n    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/neurohirurgija.in.rs\/en\/meningiomas\/\">Meningiomas (hub)<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/neurohirurgija.in.rs\/en\/convexity-meningioma\/\">Convexity meningioma<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/neurohirurgija.in.rs\/en\/parasagittal-meningioma\/\">Parasagittal meningioma<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/neurohirurgija.in.rs\/en\/olfactory-groove-meningioma\/\">Olfactory groove meningioma<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/neurohirurgija.in.rs\/en\/sphenoid-wing-meningioma\/\">Sphenoid wing meningioma<\/a><\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n<\/nav>\n\n<script>\n(function () {\n  function norm(u){\n    try{\n      var p = new URL(u, location.origin).pathname.toLowerCase();\n      p = p.replace(\/\\\/+$\/,'') + '\/';               \/\/ trailing slash\n      p = decodeURI(p);                             \/\/ decode\n      return p;\n    }catch(e){ return ''; }\n  }\n\n  \/\/ use canonical if available, otherwise location\n  var canon = document.querySelector('link[rel=\"canonical\"]');\n  var here  = norm(canon ? canon.href : location.href);\n\n  \/\/ collapse slug variants\n  function collapse(p){\n    return p\n      .replace(\/(meningiomas)(-[a-z0-9-]+)?\\\/\/,'$1\/')\n      .replace(\/(convexity-meningioma)(-[a-z0-9-]+)?\\\/\/,'$1\/')\n      .replace(\/(parasagittal-meningioma)(-[a-z0-9-]+)?\\\/\/,'$1\/')\n      .replace(\/(olfactory-groove-meningioma)(-[a-z0-9-]+)?\\\/\/,'$1\/')\n      .replace(\/(sphenoid-wing-meningioma)(-[a-z0-9-]+)?\\\/\/,'$1\/');\n  }\n\n  var hereCollapsed = collapse(here);\n\n  document.querySelectorAll('nav.meningioma-mini a').forEach(function (a) {\n    var ap = norm(a.href);\n    var apCollapsed = collapse(ap);\n\n    if (ap === here || apCollapsed === hereCollapsed) {\n      var span = document.createElement('span');\n      span.textContent = a.textContent;\n      span.setAttribute('aria-current', 'page');\n      span.style.fontWeight = '600';\n      span.style.color = '#0a4d78';\n      a.replaceWith(span);\n    }\n  });\n})();\n<\/script>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Author: Dr. Zeljko Kojadinovic, MD, PhD \u2014 Consultant Neurosurgeon Specialized Experience: 30 years of clinical expertise in neurosurgery. Last medically reviewed: March 08, 2026 Who This Convexity Meningioma Page Is For This page is intended for patients in whom MRI or CT has revealed a convexity meningioma, a tumor arising from the meninges on the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_seopress_titles_title":"Convexity Meningioma: Symptoms, MRI Diagnosis, Surgery & Prognosis","_seopress_titles_desc":"Convexity meningioma symptoms, diagnosis, surgery, recurrence risk and prognosis explained. 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